Lamb Feeders

1. Ovarian Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is a process of vascular growth. The ovarian angiogenesis increases again sanguine vessels in the ovaire. They furnish nutriments and hormones to the follicules. Thus angiogenesis promotes the follicular growths and the formation of corpusluteum (Tamanini & Ambrogi, 2004). The follicules in the process of development have the cells of endothelial. They form a network in the layer of theca. The growth principally factors produce by the cells of granulose as VEGE (the factor of growth of Vascular endothelial) and bFgF (the factor of growth of basic fibroblast) uses the stimuli to promote the follicular growths and the formation of antrum (Ziecik, 2004; xiao and Al, 2001).

After ovulation, the sanguine recently formed vessels membrane of angry basement between theca and the put to bed cell of granulose and undergoes a quick growth to form corpus luteum. The luteal the vascular growth varies and angiogenesis and angioregression determine the growth of corpusluteum and the regression. Thus in the future the improvement in the development of angiogenic of ovaire can help in the breeding execution (Tamanini and Ambrogi, 2004).

These Hemodynamic changes in ovarian and the walls of Luteal of corpus were studied the color of usage ultrasonography Doppler. The blood flow is evaluated (Acosta and Miyamoto, 2004). This confirms our preceding studies that use Laparoscopy for ovulation (Wani & Sahni, 1988, Wani, 1989 Sharief, 2000).

2. Embryo pad

The embryo blocks the action of antibody and becomes a homograph and not a heterograph, Eight pads of embryo of cell was the very common pad in the embryonic development mammal. The embryos of sheep and goat suffered from this pad also. Nevertheless, the embryo in vitro, an embryo mammal, the brands direct the contact with the uterine surface only for a short period and prosper of this manner over indirectly by the placenta through the umbilical cord. There remains protected in an immunologic protected room the pocket of amnionic. The development of Feotal and the biochemical constituent ones of liquidate fetal and of characteristics of development morphologiques observed in our studies are retrieved. (Mufti, 1996, Mufti and Al, 2000), Wani, 2004, 2005. The embryo development can be looked in the pictures Web) the pictures 1-2). Early the cells of mesoderm of embryo called somites differntiatic in myoblasts-redsulte in the muscle and skeletal fabrics. Various MRF (the muscle factors regulating in the fetus determine the muscular growth and were declared to be used in the future research. Their affable exploitation of the muscular lambs to the birth. (Wani 2001). A lot of advanced aspects of myoblast. the flow of Determination was informed. Huskey, 2001. The interent of flow of determination of myoblast of (Robert.J.Huskey, searching- Huskey, R.J. 2001. Microsoft of flow of Determination of Myoblast. Internet explorer.

The stretched junctions prevent the movement of ion and water between the pumps of cells and Na/K transfers to the center of the blastocyst has for result to difflections of pressure osmotiques and to the formation of blastocoel. Plasmogen and his activator results in the enzymatic digestion of shingles pellucida during this process. (www.wisc.Edie/ansici-repro/Lec-18 Or look for Metacrawler of sheep of pad of Embryo- Microsoft Internet explorer Figs 9-16.

3. Genome activation

The embryo activation is detected by the formation of pronuclear, the cut low and blastulation. The vitamin addition during the assistance of maturation of oocyte blastulation subsequent and embryo practicability (Bormann and Al, 2003). Pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGS) are synthesized antigens in ruminating trophoblast. They enter maternal stream of blood and thus the signal early pregnancy (Wani, 2005).

The growth of Invitro of complexes of cell of granulosa isolated cryopreserved the sheep ovaire was retrieved (Newton and Al, 1999). These cells have a capacity to produce immunereactive inhibin with FSH, (Compell and all, 1996). The sheep gene of fertility of Booroola (Fec B) if known general public was linked up to the boundaries of a region of human chromosome 4Q. Thus to link up the research in sheep or the goat reproduction for the improvements or the reproduction check in the humans. The VEGF factors (the growth of Vascular endothelial factors) characterized and expressed in luteum of sheep corpus could be of immense one "healing the key" the value if innovated properly to use in the repairs of various injuries of body. Sheep FSH was value in the vaccine contraceptive, in the long term and in the process of development in the cap (Redmer etal, 1996).

4. Network of gap junction

Oocytes mammal is surrounded by the follicular cells. A communication system exists between these oocytes and the follicular cells. This communication system is called the Ecart ae"the network of Junction. This system furnishes the transfer of nutriments and the signals between the cells and follicular oocytes. The proteins of family of connexin form these construction pads. Oogenesis, the activation of follicule of primodial and subsequent ovulation is the result of these and some other factors of proteins. They are the e-trousse receiver, transforming the silly one of factor of growth (the silly one of TGF) and the proteins of morphogenic of bone. The changes morphologiques progressive in the result of oocytes in the structural rearrangements. These produce energy. The increased energy facilitates the development of oocyte and determines finally his capacity and his competence to dominate and to ovulate (Fails it, 2003).

The pregnancy recognition during the day 12-22 in the sheep and 15-21 in the goats are done while basing itself on tau of interfedron a member of type I j'interfedron. This is the first protein secreted by trophoectoderm of the ruminating conceptus. It blocks the uterine mechanism of luteolytic and is responsible of the food of Luteum of corpus during early the days of pregnancy. It follows the cells edpithedliales uterine while eliminating their capacity for the gene rescript for propogation or the activation of receivers of estrogen or oxytocine. It induces also several responsible proteins of the establishment of embryo.

5. Meadow- the nutrition of Embryo of establishment:

The nutriments more important demanded by the embryo of preimplantation mammal in the process of development are of the moisturize carbon, the acid of anino that furnishes energy. It prevents also cell tension. The quantification of metabolism of energy of embryo is thus necessary. An attempt in this direction was showed in the faces. (Jamada, 1998).

The pad of embryo 8 cells in the development are overcome by the various incorporated factors of growth in the culture media. The BELGIAN TIME egf (heparin-lie the factor of epidermal growth as the growth factor) improves the development of embryo of 8 cells to the step of blastocyst. This factor is serviable in the development of embryo of preimplantation. (Tamada and Al, 1999).

The method to evaluate the practicability of embryo of preimplantation by the technique of electophysiological of oneself refrencing is possible. This is a measure non-invasif. The technique measures the calcium slopes, the potassium, oxygen, and the peroxide of hydrogenates (Gardner, 1998).

The protein, the synthesis of prostaglandins and steroid in the endometrium of caruncular and intercaruncular in the sheep was estimated. A day before the day of ie of devotion 15 coitus of few post changes exposed nevertheless the dynamics of PgF2 alpha production was carried out (Dedcouvertee and Al, 1981)

To compare invitro and invivo the embryonic development in ruminating them is possible by the usage of immunocytochemistry, the laser of confocal that examines the techniques of miscroscopy and fluorescence. By the combination of these techniques this was possible to show that:

1. the activation of gene of rRNA is similar

2. The embryonic nuclear development is similar. Nevertheless, the embryo produces by the nuclear transfers is associated with increased apoptosis, in the mass of internal cell of the blastocysts. Besides the embryo produced in vitro by the nuclear transfers or otherwise are associated with mixoploidy. Mixoploidy means embryos with abnormal haploid or the cells of polyploidy besides the cells diploids normal. (Cinobell and Al, 2003).

The usage of anthelmintics as Benacil and tetramisole has for result orally of the poisonousness during pregnancy. The embryotoxicity was 100% for 9-18 days posts coitus and the abnormal lambs delivered by the ewes dosed during extensive pregnancy of 34-57% (Grunzhinskas, 1984). The laparoscopy in the sheep and the goats was used for the ovulation detection, the aspiration of embryo and the pregnancy diagnosis. (Wani, 1982 Wani and Buchoo, 1990, 1997, 2000) the Embryo resumed by the laparoscopy in the goats of Boer has one of 62% and were economically viable. (Besenfelder and Al, 1994)

6. The biosafety of embryo and the disease risk

Scrapie, a sheep and goat transmissle the spongiform encephalopathy widely is spread among the sheep populations in a lot of European Countries. As it is known that the sensitivity to scrapie genetically is determined, student of the programs that aim to furnish scrapie- the resistant flocks were established ae" (sipos and Al, 2002).

The pregnant endometrium secreted a number of neuter one ae"the proteins to acids that constituted, in left, the histotroph. A protein of vitamin A TRANSPORTATION, RBP was identified in the cultures, conditioned by the endometrium to the days 13-21 of pregnancy. The endometrium is the only source of retinol for embryonic fabrics. The uterine RBP appears to transport retinol locally towards embryonic fabrics. The secretion of RBP by the goat endometrium to the days 13, 15 and 21 of pregnancy suggested that retinol played an important role in the development of conceptus during the period of periattachment of early pregnancy ae"( Read and Al, 2002) (The young and Al 2000, 2004).

The oviducte of Goat the cell edpithedliale (COEC) ordinarily are used the protocols of production of embryo of goat in vitro to stimulate the early embryonic development. These feeder cells are of ordinary collected slaughterhouses of the animals of statute of unknown serological. In a lot of regions of the world, the problems diverted from the resource could be contaminated with CEV and the usage of such equipment in the systems of fertilization of invitro can contribute to the transmission of this pathogenic one to the embryos and to cultivated broadcastings through the embryo transfer (AND). The usage in the systems of fertilization of invitro of cells of feeder of coculture that support the effective replication of CAEV to high titers could represent a serious risk for the permanent transmission of virus to the cultivated embryos and to the barrier of implied substitution ae"(Lamara and Al, 2002).

7. Early pregnancy Factors

Pregnancy ae" associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are synthesized antigens in the put to bed superficial of the ruminating trophoblast. At first, they were identified or as the proteins differed in the maternal sanguine current (where they have applications in the pregnancy diagnosis + PAG or as the molecules that link to the receiver of LH (PAG2). In this study, double radial immunodiffusion was used to try the capacity of raised antiserums against the different molecules of PAG (bovine, sheep and goat) to react with the extracts of placental of not ruminating ones (the rabbit, the cat, the mouse, the pig and the wild pig) and ruminating them (the cow, the ewe and the goat) the extracts of Placental of the whole nonrumiants tried safe the reacted rabbit with anti Bovine. PAG2 (anti- boPAG2). The extracts of ruminating placentas react with the different antiserums, confirming the expression of various molecules of PAG. According to the time to which the placentas were collected (early or the pregnancy of the environment), the reaction differed as considers the thickness, the position and the number of lines of precipitation, suggesting that the expression of PAG varies as pregnancy progresses. Indicus of bodily odors and bodily odors Bulls placental the extracts exposed different reactions with anti-boPAG2, a line of only precipitation in the former case and to two lines in the last one. This suggests the differential expression of boPAG2related glycoproteins in these two under type ae" (El-amivi, and Al, 2003).